Primary surplus: How we got to 4.9% – The role of inflation and... households in despair
Greece recorded a primary surplus of 4.9% of GDP in 2025, the highest in the EU. According to an analysis by the Institute for Alternative Policies ONE, improvement is mainly due to inflation that increased tax revenues by 1.5 units of GDP, while primary expenditure increased only 0.4 units. Civil servants' wages and social benefits decreased as a percentage of GDP, as nominal increases fall short of inflation. Despite the financial aid measures announced by Minister Kyriakos Pierrakakis, the shock of accuracy continues to burden economically weaker households disproportionately.



